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| 1 |
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Q:
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A student accidentally places her hand on a tack and quickly pulls her hand away. The tack represents |
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A
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a stimulus |
B
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an impulse |
C
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a response |
D
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an effector |
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Tags:
Sensory Processing | |
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| 3 |
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Q:
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Tanning in the sun is often associated with the sensation of heat on the skin. This sensation is similar to the sensation when close to a hot fire or oven. Yet, the hot fire and oven do not induce the same changes in skin coloration. The fact that fires and ovens do not darken the skin is primarily due to the fact that |
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A
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One does not expose him or herself to fires and ovens as long as to the sun; this is the only reason why the skin does not get dark. If one were to expose him or herself for a longer period of time, the same effects would be seen as if one had been in the sun. |
B
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Fires and ovens do not emit enough infrared radiation to induce the changes necessary to darken skin color. |
C
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Fires and ovens are not hot enough to induce color changes in skin. |
D
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Fires and ovens do not emit the correct wavelength of electromagnetic radiation to induce the chemical changes in the skin to darken it. |
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Tags:
Sensory Processing | |
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| 4 |
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Q:
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Longitudinal waves through matter elicit distinctive, detailed sensory information to which human sense? |
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A
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Sight |
B
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Taste |
C
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Touch |
D
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Hearing |
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Tags:
Sensory Processing | |
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| 5 |
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Q:
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Cone cells in our eyes detect the quality and quantity of light. When detecting differing levels of brightness of reflected light, what property of the light is being sensed? |
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A
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Quantity of photons |
B
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Wavelength of photons |
C
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Frequency of photons |
D
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Phase of photons |
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Tags:
Electromagnetics | Sensory Processing | |
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| 6 |
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Q:
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Which of the following structures is not related to hearing in humans? |
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A
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Organ of Corti |
B
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Cochlea |
C
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Incus |
D
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Semicircular Canals |
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|
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Tags:
Nervous System | Sensory Processing | |
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| 7 |
Go |
Q:
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Cone cells in our eyes detect the quality and quantity of light. When detecting differing levels of brightness of reflected light, what property of the light is being sensed? |
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A
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Quantity of photons |
B
|
Wavelength of photons |
C
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Frequency of photons |
D
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Phase of photons |
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Tags:
Nervous System | Electromagnetics | Sensory Processing | |
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| 8 |
Go |
Q:
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Which provides the correct order in which sound waves travel through the ear (from the outside)? |
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A
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round window, cochlea, tympanum, oval window |
B
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incus, malleus, stapes, oval window |
C
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eardrum, incus, oval window, cochlea |
D
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cochlea, malleus, round window, stapes |
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Tags:
Nervous System | Sensory Processing | |
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| 10 |
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Q:
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In the ear, sound is conveyed through the transfer of vibrational energy into the production of action potentials within specialized neuronal cells called hair cells. These cells are surrounded in a fluid called endolymph. Endolymph, unlike other bodily fluids, contains extremely high concentrations of potassium ions (K+). During excitation from vibrations, potassium flows into hair cells. Which of the following holds true regarding this phenomenon? |
|
A
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Hyperpolarization of the hair cells occurs, resulting in excitation of the cells |
B
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Sodium acts as the depolarizing agent for hair cells |
C
|
Membrane potential of the hair cells drops upon stimulation |
D
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Hair cells become depolarized from the influx of potassium |
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Tags:
Nervous System | Sensory Processing | |
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| 11 |
Go |
Q:
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Hair cells and stereocilia are a key component of which of the following? |
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A
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Proprioception |
B
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Smell |
C
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Digestion |
D
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Scalp hair |
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Tags:
Nervous System | Sensory Processing | |
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| 12 |
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Q:
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Stimulation of photoreceptor cells in the retina by light causes a hyperpolarization of the cell. This should have which of the following effects? |
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A
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Decrease in action potential frequency. |
B
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Increase in action potential frequency. |
C
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Decrease in length of the action potential. |
D
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Increase in length of the action potential. |
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Tags:
Nervous System | Sensory Processing | |
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| 13 |
Go |
Q:
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Rods are more sensitive than cones in the eyes. This contributes to which of the following phenomena? |
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A
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the inability to focus in low light |
B
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the inability to distinguish colors in low light |
C
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macular degeneration in old age |
D
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cataracts in old age |
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Tags:
Nervous System | Sensory Processing | |
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| 14 |
Go |
Q:
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The amount of pain experienced by someone depends upon other circumstances such as focusing on something else or hormones. This concept is related to: |
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A
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The gate-control theory of pain |
B
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Weber’s Law |
C
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Signal detection theory |
D
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Bottom-up/Top-down processing |
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|
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Tags:
Nervous System | Sensory Processing | |
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| 15 |
Go |
Q:
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John did not have time for breakfast in the morning and on his way to work he noticed how foods were staring him in the face from every grocery window. This is an example of: |
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A
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Bottom-down processing |
B
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Top-down processing |
C
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Focused attention |
D
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Bottom-up processing |
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Tags:
Sensory Processing | |
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| 16 |
Go |
Q:
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Lee sees his brother's car parked across the street. His sister's car is parked next to him. Because his brother's car is some distance away, it appears smaller than his sister's car. Lee's brain can determine the approximate distance and size of the car by using which visual cue?
I. Accommodation
II. Convergence
III. Stereopsis |
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A
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I and II only |
B
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II and III only |
C
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I and III only |
D
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I, II, and III |
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Tags:
Optics | Sensory Processing | |
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| 17 |
Go |
Q:
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Which of the following types of visual search primarily consists of parallel processing? |
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A
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Feature Search |
B
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Pre-Attentive Search |
C
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Focused Attention Search |
D
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Conjunctive Search |
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Tags:
Nervous System | Sensory Processing | |
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| 18 |
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Q:
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According to Signal Detection Theory, the probability that which of the following will occur increases when one increases the probability of a hit? |
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A
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Miss |
B
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Correct Rejection |
C
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False Alarm |
D
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False Rejection |
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Tags:
Sensory Processing | |
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| 19 |
Go |
Q:
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According to Weber's Law, if the intensity of a stimulus changes from 2 units to 2/3 units and then to 2/9 units, one can expect the intensity of the sensation to change from: |
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A
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1 unit to .75 units to .5 units |
B
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1 unit to 5 units to 13 units |
C
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1 unit to 4 units to 3 units |
D
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1 unit to .25 units to .1 units
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Tags:
Sensory Processing | Quantitative Skills | |
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| 20 |
Go |
Q:
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Which of the following gestalt principles of visual perception states that objects traveling at the same velocity will be processed as a group by the brain? |
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A
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Law of Good Form |
B
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Law of Closure |
C
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Law of Figure/Ground |
D
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Law of Common Fate |
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Tags:
Sensory Processing | |
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| 21 |
Go |
Q:
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Consider the following scenario: Mary and her boyfriend are driving towards a restaurant for dinner. As they pull into the driveway, Mary looks up at the neon sign. Her boyfriend remarks that he cannot read the sign, because it is missing several letters. Mary takes one look and says "it's called Da Vinci's Pizza Kitchen". Mary's observation is an example of which of the following: |
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A
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Bottom-up processing |
B
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Top-down processing |
C
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Principle of Simplicity |
D
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Principle of Proximity |
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Tags:
Sensory Processing | |
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| 22 |
Go |
Q:
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Consider signal detection theory when analyzing the following scenario. You are walking alone at night in a parking garage and hear a loud scraping sound behind you. You also hear the leaves rustling in nearby trees, cars leaving the deck and other sounds as well. Which of the following played a role in your ability to hear these sounds?
I. The intensity of the noise
II. The weather
III. The way the parking garage made you feel
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A
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I only |
B
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I and II only |
C
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II and III only |
D
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I and III only |
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Tags:
Sensory Processing | |
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| 23 |
Go |
Q:
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Gestalt psychologists suggest that we use mental rules for grouping visual stimuli. Which of the following Gestalt principles illustrates why we perceive the figure below as two groups of three lines rather than as six lines?
||| ||| |
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A
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Similarity |
B
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Proximity |
C
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Connectedness |
D
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Closure |
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Tags:
Sensory Processing | |
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| 24 |
Go |
Q:
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Which of the following behaviors characterizes situations where damage to Broca's area is apparent? |
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A
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A professor speaks too slowly and articulates words poorly. |
B
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A stroke victim has difficulty with language comprehension. |
C
|
A soldier injured in battle demonstrates lowered impulse control. |
D
|
A skier, after taking a fall, complains of short-term memory loss. |
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Tags:
Nervous System | Sensory Processing | |
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| 25 |
Go |
Q:
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An individual is diagnosed as having a defect in their organ of Corti. Which of the following impacts would be expected? |
|
A
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Inability to balance |
B
|
Hearing loss |
C
|
Vertigo (or the perception of constant spinning) |
D
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Poor color vision but appropriate night vision |
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|
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Tags:
Nervous System | Sensory Processing | |
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| 26 |
Go |
Q:
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A study found that the just-noticeable difference for participants looking at various candles was going from a candle of 1 lumen to 2 lumens. Using Weber's law, it can be inferred that participants could determine the difference between a candle of 50 lumens and |
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A
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50 lumens |
B
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51 lumens |
C
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100 lumens |
D
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200 lumens |
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Tags:
Sensory Processing | |
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| 27 |
Go |
Q:
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The cells in the eye which detect the quantity, but not the color of light are called: |
|
A
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Rod cells. |
B
|
Cone cells. |
C
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Leydig cells. |
D
|
Mesenchymal cells. |
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|
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Tags:
Nervous System | Sensory Processing | |
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| 28 |
Go |
Q:
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Which of the following is not an example of perceptual constancy? |
|
A
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Viewing your two friends in their two respective kayaks, though one friend is 20 feet behind the other |
B
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Watching a stranger on the escalator next to you, as you walk the same speed on an adjacent staircase |
C
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Noticing your friend's hat as a ray of light partly enters the window, shining light into the room |
D
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Watching the door change from closed to open, as your roommate opens it |
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Tags:
Sensory Processing | |
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| 29 |
Go |
Q:
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An after-image is a type of optical illusion where an image continues to appear (albeit briefly) even after exposure to the original image has ended. Which of the following best explains the green after-image one sees after staring at a red image for a long period of time? |
|
A
|
Having two types of rod receptors
|
B
|
Color blindness
|
C
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Black and white opponent processes
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D
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The same channel signalling information about two colors
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|
|
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Tags:
Sensory Processing | |
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| 30 |
Go |
Q:
|
A volunteer is submitted to a signal detection task where she has to press a button when and only when a stimulus is heard among background noise. If she makes any false positives, she receives a negative score. Which of the following statements is correct? |
|
A
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A miss consists of correctly ignoring a stimulus when it is not there |
B
|
If the volunteer has low sensitivity, she will never press the button |
C
|
A hit consists of correctly pressing the button when a signal is present |
D
|
False alarms cannot be reported in signal detection tasks that involve background noise |
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|
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Tags:
Sensory Processing | |
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| 31 |
Go |
Q:
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Which of the following correctly determines the brightness of a visual sensation? |
|
A
|
The frequency of the light wave
|
B
|
The intensity of the light wave
|
C
|
The wavelength of the light wave
|
D
|
The period of the light wave
|
|
|
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Tags:
Sensory Processing | |
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| 32 |
Go |
Q:
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Jane is having a party with music, and in the apartment next door, Sue is trying to study for her exam. She has repeatedly asked Jane to turn the music down, but becomes frustrated and rushes next door to confront Jane, upon which Jane says she did turn the music down. The amount by which the stereo was turned down was below a certain level for Sue. Which of the following correctly describes the amount by which the stereo was turned down? |
|
A
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Absolute threshold
|
B
|
Difference threshold
|
C
|
Minimum threshold
|
D
|
Sensory adaptation level
|
|
|
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Tags:
Sensory Processing | |
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| 33 |
Go |
Q:
|
Both rods and cones are photoreceptor cells, and work to contribute information used by the visual system to form a representation of what we see around us. Which of the following describes rods, but not cones? |
|
A
|
Rods are less sensitive to light than cones are
|
B
|
Rods are less numerous than cones
|
C
|
Rods produce images perceived with good visual acuity (image resolution)
|
D
|
Rods are responsible for peripheral vision
|
|
|
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Tags:
Sensory Processing | |
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| 34 |
Go |
Q:
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Which of the following correctly describes the smallest magnitude of a stimulus that can be detected? |
|
A
|
Difference threshold
|
B
|
Absolute threshold
|
C
|
Sensory threshold
|
D
|
Sensory adaptation level
|
|
|
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Tags:
Sensory Processing | |
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| 35 |
Go |
Q:
|
Which of the following correctly describes the location of the receptors where sound waves are transduced into neural messages? |
|
A
|
Pinna |
B
|
The ossicles
|
C
|
The hammer, anvil, and stirrup
|
D
|
Organ of Corti
|
|
|
|
Tags:
Sensory Processing | Nervous System | |
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| 36 |
Go |
Q:
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Which of the following is responsible for controlling the amount of light entering the eye? |
|
A
|
Lens |
B
|
Pupil |
C
|
Fovea |
D
|
Iris |
|
|
|
Tags:
Sensory Processing | Nervous System | |
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| 37 |
Go |
Q:
|
Brendan entered his car early one morning and upon turning on his car, his radio started to play very loudly. Given that Brendan remembered being the last person to adjust the volume in the car, and given that Brendan's first thought was that he did not recall having the volume up so high, which of the following best describes the sensory phenomenon in this scenario? |
|
A
|
Brendan crossed his auditory absolute threshold
|
B
|
Brendan crossed his auditory difference threshold
|
C
|
Sensory fatigue
|
D
|
Sensory adaptation
|
|
|
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Tags:
Sensory Processing | |
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| 38 |
Go |
Q:
|
Which of the following correctly describes where in the eye light is transduced into neural impulses? |
|
A
|
The lens and pupil
|
B
|
The iris |
C
|
The rods and the cones |
D
|
The cornea |
|
|
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Tags:
Sensory Processing | Nervous System | |
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| 39 |
Go |
Q:
|
Which of the following is NOT evidence for the opponent-process theory of color vision? |
|
A
|
Color after-images (e.g. seeing red after staring at a green image for a while, and vice versa)
|
B
|
Complementary colors
|
C
|
Color blindness |
D
|
Color sensitivity |
|
|
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Tags:
Sensory Processing | |
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| 40 |
Go |
Q:
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Which of the following correctly describes the period during which rods and cones almost completely stop firing? |
|
A
|
Light adaptation
|
B
|
Dark adaptation
|
C
|
Peripheral vision
|
D
|
Monochromacy |
|
|
|
Tags:
Sensory Processing | |
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| 41 |
Go |
Q:
|
Phantom limb - the sensation that an amputated or missing limb is still attached to the body - involves which area of the brain? |
|
A
|
Hypothalamus |
B
|
Pineal gland |
C
|
Corpus callosum
|
D
|
Somatosensory cortex
|
|
|
|
Tags:
Sensory Processing | |
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| 42 |
Go |
Q:
|
Which of the following best explains how differences in pitch are detected by the auditory system? |
|
A
|
Perceived pitch depends on fluid movement within the horizontal semicircular canal. |
B
|
Perceived pitch depends on vibrations of the tympanic membrane in one of the ossicles.
|
C
|
Perceived pitch depends on vibrations of the tympanic membrane in all three of the ossicles.
|
D
|
Perceived pitch depends on the region of the basilar membrane that vibrates.
|
|
|
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Tags:
Nervous System | Sensory Processing | |
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| 43 |
Go |
Q:
|
Ryan is sitting on a park bench and watches a car drive off away from him. While his retinal image of the car gets smaller, he does not perceive the car to be shrinking. This is an example of: |
|
A
|
Retinal disparity
|
B
|
Binocular disparity |
C
|
Shape constancy |
D
|
Size constancy
|
|
|
|
Tags:
Sensory Processing | Making Sense of the Environment | Nervous System | |
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| 44 |
Go |
Q:
|
A dysfunction in the semicurcular canals could result in which of the following? |
|
A
|
hearing loss |
B
|
vertigo |
C
|
color vision |
D
|
smell |
|
|
|
Tags:
Sensory Processing | |
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| 45 |
Go |
Q:
|
The perception of pitch is the detection of which parameter of sound? |
|
A
|
Frequency |
B
|
Amplitude |
C
|
Velocity |
D
|
Polarization |
|
|
|
Tags:
Sound | Sensory Processing | |
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| 46 |
Go |
Q:
|
In a triangle test, subjects are provided three aqueous solutions. Two of the solutions contain only water, while a third solution contains a small amount of sugar. The subjects are then asked to identify which solution is different than the other two, without needing to identify the difference. The triangle test relies on which threshold? |
|
A
|
Recognition threshold |
B
|
Differential threshold |
C
|
Absolute threshold |
D
|
Terminal threshold |
|
|
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Tags:
Sensory Processing | |
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| 47 |
Go |
Q:
|
A person is experiencing vertigo and disorientation, and is unable to stand upright. These symptoms were first experienced after a rapid pressure change. Where is the issue most likely to be found? |
|
A
|
semicircular canals |
B
|
cochlea |
C
|
paranasal sinuses |
D
|
tonsils |
|
|
|
Tags:
Sensory Processing | |
|
| 48 |
Go |
Q:
|
Which of the following scenarios best depicts the absolute threshold of detection? |
|
A
|
The intensity of a sound is increased to the point where a person is able to tell that the sound has increased in intensity. |
B
|
A light is shined into a person's eyes such that when the intensity of the light is increased, the person is blinded. |
C
|
A candle is lit in the distance on an otherwise dark night. A person can tell that something is off in the distance but cannot identify what it is. |
D
|
A song is played just loudly enough that a person can identify the song being played. |
|
|
|
Tags:
Sensory Processing | |
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| 49 |
Go |
Q:
|
The minimum intensity for which a stimulus can be sensed is referred to as the: |
|
A
|
contrast threshold. |
B
|
difference threshold. |
C
|
minimum threshold. |
D
|
absolute threshold. |
|
|
|
Tags:
Sensory Processing | |
|
| 50 |
Go |
Q:
|
A stimulus at an intensity at which 50% of individuals are successfully able to discern the stimulus is at its: |
|
A
|
absolute threshold. |
B
|
relative threshold. |
C
|
complete threshold. |
D
|
optimal threshold. |
|
|
|
Tags:
Sensory Processing | |
|
| 51 |
Go |
Q:
|
The middle ear involves: |
|
A
|
movement of hair cells. |
B
|
amplifying and modulating sounds as they enter the oval window. |
C
|
carrying waves to the tympanic membrane. |
D
|
vibrations through semicircular canals. |
|
|
|
Tags:
Sensory Processing | |
|
| 52 |
Go |
Q:
|
The deepest stage of sleep is called: |
|
A
|
stage 1 sleep. |
B
|
stage 3 sleep. |
C
|
stage 4 sleep. |
D
|
REM sleep. |
|
|
|
Tags:
Sensory Processing | |
|
| 53 |
Go |
Q:
|
A group of participants are shown a black and white drawing that contains several ambiguous lines. 90% of participants identify that the image looks like an owl and state that if various lines were connected the shape appears. This experiment most closely resembles: |
|
A
|
subconscious constructionism. |
B
|
visual processing. |
C
|
bottom-up processing. |
D
|
Gestalt principles. |
|
|
|
Tags:
Sensory Processing | |
|
| 54 |
Go |
Q:
|
Which of the following is the front layer of the eye? |
|
A
|
iris |
B
|
cornea |
C
|
lens |
D
|
retina |
|
|
|
Tags:
Sensory Processing | |
|
| 55 |
Go |
Q:
|
Signal detection theory mostly focuses on: |
|
A
|
the study of absolute thresholds. |
B
|
the study of how stimulus intensity affects an individual's perception of a stimulus. |
C
|
the impact of Weber's law on perception. |
D
|
the separation of important stimuli from noise. |
|
|
|
Tags:
Sensory Processing | |
|
| 56 |
Go |
Q:
|
Observers are asked to determine the shape of a frisbee from various angles. Observers are able to correctly state that the frisbee is circular despite visualizing the frisbee at different angles and orientations. This serves as an example of: |
|
A
|
parallel processing. |
B
|
the Gestalt principle of similarity. |
C
|
perceptual constancy. |
D
|
perseverance. |
|
|
|
Tags:
Sensory Processing | |
|
| 57 |
Go |
Q:
|
With respect to sound, which of the following would be expected to have the lowest decibel level for a particular individual? |
|
A
|
absolute threshold |
B
|
recognition threshold |
C
|
differential threshold |
D
|
terminal threshold |
|
|
|
Tags:
Sensory Processing | |
|
| 58 |
Go |
Q:
|
A psychologist interested in studying how humans identify objects in foggy weather would be most interested in: |
|
A
|
absolute thresholds. |
B
|
attention span theory. |
C
|
signal detection theory. |
D
|
Weber's law. |
|
|
|
Tags:
Sensory Processing | |
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| 59 |
Go |
Q:
|
A fracture of the stapes involves damage in the: |
|
A
|
outer ear. |
B
|
middle ear. |
C
|
inner ear. |
D
|
transverse ear. |
|
|
|
Tags:
Sensory Processing | |
|
| 60 |
Go |
Q:
|
Working memory is considered a subset of: |
|
A
|
short term memory. |
B
|
long term memory. |
C
|
sensory memory. |
D
|
intermediate memory. |
|
|
|
Tags:
Sensory Processing | |
|
| 61 |
Go |
Q:
|
Stereocilia are primarily responsible for: |
|
A
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smell. |
B
|
proprioception. |
C
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taste. |
D
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prevention of aspiration. |
|
|
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Tags:
Sensory Processing | |
|
| 62 |
Go |
Q:
|
A small population in the Mediterranean has developed a significant genetic mutation resulting in a loss of function in the organ of Corti. This would like result in: |
|
A
|
decreased visual acuity. |
B
|
absent olfaction. |
C
|
decreased upper and lower extremity strength. |
D
|
significantly diminished hearing. |
|
|
|
Tags:
Sensory Processing | |
|
| 63 |
Go |
Q:
|
A study seeks to examine how many digits adolescents can recall after hearing a series of spoken numbers. This study evaluates: |
|
A
|
sensory memory |
B
|
partial memory |
C
|
long-term memory |
D
|
working memory |
|
|
|
Tags:
Sensory Processing | |
|
| 64 |
Go |
Q:
|
Perceptual organization refers to: |
|
A
|
a paradigm of vestibular sense. |
B
|
a form of short-term memory. |
C
|
grouping similar elements together. |
D
|
a type of learning in infants and toddlers. |
|
|
|
Tags:
Sensory Processing | |
|
| 65 |
Go |
Q:
|
Endolymph refers to fluid in the: |
|
A
|
lower extremity lymphatic drainage system. |
B
|
liver. |
C
|
ear. |
D
|
fluid canal system of the brain. |
|
|
|
Tags:
Sensory Processing | |
|
| 67 |
Go |
Q:
|
A set of adult neurons are plated on cell culture and studied under varying conditions in the laboratory. Long-term potentiation is seen over time. This experiment may suggest: |
|
A
|
the difficulty of growing neurons in cell culture conditions. |
B
|
the notion of synaptic plasticity in children. |
C
|
the presence of glial and other supportive cells in the cell culture. |
D
|
synaptic strength as a nonstatic variable. |
|
|
|
Tags:
Sensory Processing | Nervous System | |
|
| 68 |
Go |
Q:
|
Signal detection theory is a subset of which of the following fields of psychology? |
|
A
|
Gestalt principles |
B
|
psychophysics |
C
|
theories of consciousness |
D
|
psychoanalysis |
|
|
|
Tags:
Sensory Processing | |
|
| 69 |
Go |
Q:
|
A sound recording of a particular parrot is played at various decibel levels to volunteers as part of a study. At 20 dB, 25% of volunteers are able to hear a stimulus, whereas at 30 dB, 50% of volunteers hear the stimulus. It is noted that at 35 dB, 50% of volunteers state correctly that the sound is that of a parrot. Which of the following correctly states the recognition threshold for this stimulus? |
|
A
|
less than 20 dB |
B
|
30 dB |
C
|
35 dB |
D
|
greater than 35 dB |
|
|
|
Tags:
Sensory Processing | |
|
| 71 |
Go |
Q:
|
Rods are primarily responsible for: |
|
A
|
color vision. |
B
|
high acuity vision. |
C
|
vision within the blind spot. |
D
|
low light vision. |
|
|
|
Tags:
Sensory Processing | |
|
| 72 |
Go |
Q:
|
The notion that perception is a result of processing of small sensory data points is reflective of: |
|
A
|
bottom-up processing. |
B
|
top-down processing. |
C
|
Gestalt principles. |
D
|
the theory of form. |
|
|
|
Tags:
Sensory Processing | |
|
| 73 |
Go |
Q:
|
Which of the following is false regarding the sensory system? |
|
A
|
pheromones are a component of olfactory system |
B
|
a pathway exists from taste sensory cells to the central nervous system |
C
|
kinesthetic sense is responsible for maintenance of balance |
D
|
pain perception is a subset of somatosensation |
|
|
|
Tags:
Sensory Processing | |
|
|
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