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| 1 |
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Q:
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In which phase of mitosis do chromosomes align along the equator of the cell? |
|
A
|
Metaphase |
B
|
Anaphase |
C
|
Telophase |
D
|
Prophase |
|
|
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Tags:
Mitosis and Meiosis | |
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| 2 |
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Q:
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An organism's cells are under study, particularly the cells undergoing meiosis. When the products of meiosis are studied, one daughter cell is found to contain a single extra chromosome. What has occurred and what an be expected in the other daughter cell?
|
|
A
|
Nondisjunction; another sex cell has one more chromosome |
B
|
Nondisjunction; another sex cell has one less chromosome
|
C
|
Formation of a polar body
|
D
|
Reduction division
|
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|
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Tags:
Mitosis and Meiosis | |
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| 3 |
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Q:
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A child is born with an extra chromosome in each of its cells. This condition is usually the result of |
|
A
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nondisjunction |
B
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problematic crossing over |
C
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segregation |
D
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hybridization |
|
|
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Tags:
Mitosis and Meiosis | |
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| 4 |
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Q:
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During synapsis, chromatids in homologous pairs of chromosomes often twist around each other, break, exchange segments, and rejoin. This process usually contributes to |
|
A
|
the formation of polyploid offspring |
B
|
nondisjunction of homologous chromosomes |
C
|
the production of identical twins |
D
|
increased variability in offspring |
|
|
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Tags:
Mitosis and Meiosis | |
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| 5 |
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Q:
|
Which structures are not involved in asexual reproduction? |
|
A
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centromeres |
B
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spindles |
C
|
chromosomes |
D
|
setae |
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|
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Tags:
Mitosis and Meiosis | |
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| 6 |
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Q:
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During mitosis, a double-stranded chromosome is attached to a spindle fiber at the |
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A
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centriole |
B
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centromere |
C
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centrosome |
D
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cell plate |
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|
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Tags:
Mitosis and Meiosis | |
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| 7 |
Go |
Q:
|
Many adenoviruses require access to host cell DNA
yet lack the transport mechanisms to get their
viral nucelic acids and enzymes into the nucleus.
Which of the following would be expected
observations of adenoviral infectivity and
replication? |
|
A
|
the inability to infect dividing cells |
B
|
the inability to infect cells in G0 |
C
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the inability to infect epithelial cells |
D
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the inability to infect eukaryotic cells |
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Tags:
Mitosis and Meiosis | Viruses | |
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| 8 |
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Q:
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Under a high amount of mutagen exposure, the SOS mechanism of replication in prokaryotes forces reproduction past the normal mitotic checkpoints regardless of mutations. Which of the following is a likely fate of the daughter cells derived from E. coli in an SOS reproduction mode? |
|
A
|
viability of only a single daughter cell due to isolation of mutated genes in one daughter cell |
B
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no noticeable differences because the checkpoints were all passed |
C
|
a survival advantage due to gain-of-function mutations |
D
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death due to high mutation rate in gene products |
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|
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Tags:
Mitosis and Meiosis | Prokaryotes | |
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| 9 |
Go |
Q:
|
During mitosis, a double-stranded chromosome is
attached to a spindle fiber at the |
|
A
|
centriole |
B
|
centromere |
C
|
centrosome |
D
|
cell plate |
|
|
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Tags:
Mitosis and Meiosis | |
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| 10 |
Go |
Q:
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In humans, what is the ratio of the number of gametes
produced from one male primary sex cell to the number of
gametes produced from one female primary sex cell? |
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Tags:
Mitosis and Meiosis | |
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| 11 |
Go |
Q:
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During mitosis, chromosomes are pulled apart from the equator during which phase? |
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A
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prophase |
B
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metaphase |
C
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anaphase |
D
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telophase |
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|
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Tags:
Mitosis and Meiosis | |
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| 12 |
Go |
Q:
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During which of the following human cell cycles does a cell go from 2N to 1N? |
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A
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Meiosis I |
B
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Meiosis II |
C
|
Mitosis |
D
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None of the above |
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|
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Tags:
Mitosis and Meiosis | |
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| 13 |
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Q:
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A cell has a mutation in its DNA polymerase. researchers tag the DNA polymerase with GFP (Green Fluorescent Protein) in order to observe its behavior in the nucleus. Which of the following phases would be optimal for viewing the mutated activity of the DNA polymerase? |
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Tags:
DNA Replication and Repair | Mitosis and Meiosis | |
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| 15 |
Go |
Q:
|
Down Syndrome is the genetic condition of |
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A
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Trisomy 8 |
B
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Trisomy 18 |
C
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Trisomy 21 |
D
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Trisomy 23 |
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Tags:
Mitosis and Meiosis | |
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| 16 |
Go |
Q:
|
During which phase of mitosis does chromatin first become visible? |
|
A
|
Prophase |
B
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Metaphase |
C
|
Anaphase |
D
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Telophase |
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|
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Tags:
Mitosis and Meiosis | |
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| 17 |
Go |
Q:
|
A chemical agent with which of the following properties would be best suited as a chemotherapeutic agent in the treatment of malignant tumors? |
|
A
|
Cytotoxic agent |
B
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Antimitotic agent |
C
|
16S rRNA inhibitor |
D
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Intercalating agent |
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|
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Tags:
Mitosis and Meiosis | |
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| 18 |
Go |
Q:
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A cell is found to have X amount of DNA. Over the course of two hours, the quantity of DNA doubles, and the quantity of DNA in the cell becomes constant. In which stage of the life cycle is the cell after it has doubled the quantity of DNA? |
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Tags:
Mitosis and Meiosis | |
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| 19 |
Go |
Q:
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It is known that wee1 kinase is an enzyme involved in the regulation of the cell cycle. Cells mutated at the wee1 kinase gene, such that resultant protein is non-functional, divide at a smaller size than wild-type cells. What does this suggest about the role of wee1 kinase? |
|
A
|
inhibition from the G2 to M phase of the cell cycle |
B
|
activation from the G2 to M phase of the cell cycle |
C
|
inhibition from the G1 to S phase of the cell cycle |
D
|
activation from the G1 to S phase of the cell cycle |
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|
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Tags:
Mitosis and Meiosis | |
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| 20 |
Go |
Q:
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Which of the following is true of meiosis?
|
|
A
|
It involves one round of cell division |
B
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It begins with two diploid cells |
C
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Four haploid cells are produced |
D
|
All cell types undergo meiosis |
|
|
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Tags:
Mitosis and Meiosis | |
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| 21 |
Go |
Q:
|
During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replicate? |
|
A
|
G1 phase |
B
|
G2 phase |
C
|
M phase |
D
|
S phase |
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|
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Tags:
Mitosis and Meiosis | |
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| 22 |
Go |
Q:
|
Which of the following statements is true regarding mitosis cell division? |
|
A
|
A mitotic division of a diploid cell produces two haploid cells |
B
|
Mitosis begins where there is sufficient mitosis promoting factor (MPF) during the G2 growth phase |
C
|
All somatic cells undergo mitosis |
D
|
Mitosis is divided into two stages, mitosis I and mitosis II
|
|
|
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Tags:
Mitosis and Meiosis | |
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| 23 |
Go |
Q:
|
Which of the following, at completion, produces nuclei that are 2N? |
|
A
|
mitosis |
B
|
meiosis |
C
|
both mitosis and meiosis |
D
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neither mitosis nor meiosis |
|
|
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Tags:
Mitosis and Meiosis | |
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| 24 |
Go |
Q:
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Which of the following is a mechanism for generating multinucleated cells?
I. Fusion of nucleated cells
II. Prevention of cytokinesis after mitosis
III. Ceasing mitosis at metaphase and restarting mitosis from prophase |
|
A
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I only |
B
|
I and II only |
C
|
II and III only |
D
|
I, II, and III |
|
|
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Tags:
Mitosis and Meiosis | |
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| 25 |
Go |
Q:
|
Certain genetic conditions are caused by trisomy, that is, the presence of three sets of a particular chromosome rather than two. This makes the ploidy of the diploid organism: |
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Tags:
Mitosis and Meiosis | |
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| 26 |
Go |
Q:
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Meiosis II occurs for the production of sex cells (sperm and eggs). For the egg, meiosis II actually occurs after the egg is fertilized by a sperm. Which of the following would not be expected to be found within the egg cell membrane after this meiosis process takes place? |
|
A
|
Sperm DNA |
B
|
Two polar bodies |
C
|
Enzymes from the sperm |
D
|
The zona pellucida |
|
|
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Tags:
Mitosis and Meiosis | Embryonic Development | |
|
| 27 |
Go |
Q:
|
Which of the following stages of meiosis, if disrupted, would prevent genetic recombination through crossing over? |
|
A
|
metaphase I |
B
|
prophase I |
C
|
metaphase II |
D
|
prophase II |
|
|
|
Tags:
Mitosis and Meiosis | |
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| 28 |
Go |
Q:
|
During replication of the human genome, if a frameshift mutation occurs in one of the earlier genes, will the downstream genes be directly affected by the frameshift? |
|
A
|
Yes, because a frameshift mutation affects the reading of all downstream nucleotides. |
B
|
Yes, because frameshift mutations increase the likelihood of downstream mutations. |
C
|
No, because frameshift mutations correct themselves automatically after 10-100 nucleotides. |
D
|
No, because the reading frame of downstream genes is unaffected since each has its own promoter which defines the reading frame. |
|
|
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Tags:
Mitosis and Meiosis | |
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| 29 |
Go |
Q:
|
Overexposure to sunlight increases the risk of skin cancer by increasing mutation rates and also depressing the local immune system. Basal cell carcinoma is a particularly common type of skin cancer considered to be nonlethal. Which of the following would be considered a risk factor for basal cell carcinoma? |
|
A
|
lung cancer |
B
|
physical damage to the skin such as a cut |
C
|
anemia |
D
|
HIV |
|
|
|
Tags:
Mitosis and Meiosis | Skin | |
|
| 30 |
Go |
Q:
|
Which of the following is unlike the others? |
|
A
|
Point mutation |
B
|
Nonsense mutation |
C
|
Deletion mutation |
D
|
Insertion mutation |
|
|
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Tags:
Mitosis and Meiosis | |
|
| 31 |
Go |
Q:
|
A scientist is looking to study mouse cells in various stages of mitosis. He obtains a culture of cells and treats them with a chemical that arrests the cells during DNA replication. What is the most likely result of the experiment? |
|
A
|
He will successfully have arrested the cells in various stages of mitosis for observation. |
B
|
The cells will complete mitosis and be arrested during the S phase of interphase. |
C
|
The cells will complete mitosis and will be arrested upon entry into G1. |
D
|
The cells will be unaffected by the chemical entirely. |
|
|
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Tags:
Mitosis and Meiosis | |
|
| 32 |
Go |
Q:
|
A drug disassembles microtubles in yeast. When a yeast is treated with this drug during mitosis, which phase of mitosis is most greatly affected? |
|
A
|
prophase |
B
|
metaphase |
C
|
anaphase |
D
|
telophase |
|
|
|
Tags:
Mitosis and Meiosis | Prokaryotes | |
|
| 33 |
Go |
Q:
|
The p53 enzyme has been implicated in antiviral mechanisms. The p53 enzyme notices when the cell enters S phase at an abnormal time, and thus halts entry into S phase in order to prevent progression to mitosis. Deletion of the p53 enzyme would most likely proliferate which of the following? |
|
A
|
mitochondrial division |
B
|
tuberculosis |
C
|
cancer |
D
|
apoptosis |
|
|
|
Tags:
Mitosis and Meiosis | |
|
| 34 |
Go |
Q:
|
Paralogs are genes related by evolution that are found on the same genome and which usually bear a great deal of functional similarity. Which of the following is the most likely mechanism by which paralogs are generated? |
|
A
|
Chromosomal translocation |
B
|
Gene duplication event |
C
|
Point mutation |
D
|
Frameshift mutation |
|
|
|
Tags:
Mitosis and Meiosis | |
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| 35 |
Go |
Q:
|
Rb is a tumor suppressor gene which helps to prevent the transformation of a normal cell into a cancer cell. Rb acts by preventing the replication of damaged DNA, thereby preventing the proliferation of cancerous cells. At which checkpoint in the cell cycle would Rb act? |
|
A
|
G1/S |
B
|
S/G2 |
C
|
G2/M |
D
|
M/G1 |
|
|
|
Tags:
Mitosis and Meiosis | |
|
| 37 |
Go |
Q:
|
In a sample of 1000 individuals from a population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, 600 are found to have at least one copy of a defective recessive gene. How many individuals have two copies of the defective gene? |
|
A
|
130 |
B
|
360 |
C
|
400 |
D
|
The answer cannot be determined with the given information. |
|
|
|
Tags:
Mitosis and Meiosis | Evolution | Quantitative Skills | |
|
| 38 |
Go |
Q:
|
If nondisjunction were to occur with a single chromosome during Meiosis II, which of the following would be the ploidy level of the four resultant gametes? |
|
A
|
N+1, N+1, N-1, N-1 |
B
|
N, N, N+1, N-1 |
C
|
N, N, N+2, N-2 |
D
|
N+2, N+2, N-2, N-2 |
|
|
|
Tags:
Mitosis and Meiosis | |
|
| 39 |
Go |
Q:
|
Despite being able to undergo asexual reproduction through mitosis, yeasts are also capable of undergoing sexual reproduction. This is advantageous because: |
|
A
|
mating organisms create a mutualistic relationship. |
B
|
sexual reproduction by two individuals increases the survival rate of the offspring by having two parents for protection. |
C
|
sexual reproduction allows for faster population growth. |
D
|
sexual reproduction increases genetic diversity in a population. |
|
|
|
Tags:
Mitosis and Meiosis | |
|
| 40 |
Go |
Q:
|
The Hayflick limit is the approximate maximum number of times that a normal cell population will undergo mitosis. This limit is regulated by which of the following? |
|
A
|
ribosomal degradation |
B
|
mitochondrial age |
C
|
telomere length |
D
|
presence of growth hormone |
|
|
|
Tags:
Mitosis and Meiosis | |
|
| 41 |
Go |
Q:
|
A study is performed on a particular human cell population. It is found that in the majority of cells, there is substantial DNA error-proofing enzymes and ongoing processes within the cells. In which phase do these cells most like reside? |
|
A
|
S phase |
B
|
M phase |
C
|
G1 phase |
D
|
G2,/sub> phase |
|
|
|
Tags:
Mitosis and Meiosis | |
|
| 42 |
Go |
Q:
|
Which of the following is included in the concept of extranuclear inheritance? |
|
A
|
Ribosomal RNA passed to offspring |
B
|
Genes located in the mitrochondria passed to offspring |
C
|
Genes within the nucleus after telophase passed to offspring |
D
|
Cytoskeletal elements being passed to offspring |
|
|
|
Tags:
Mitosis and Meiosis | |
|
| 44 |
Go |
Q:
|
Ploidy cell types may be represented by the number n, so 1n represents haploid and 2n represents diploid. Which of the following correctly lists the ploidy and chromosome number in meiosis? |
|
A
|
After meiosis I, cells are 2n with 2 copies of each chromosome |
B
|
After meiosis I, cells are 1n with 2 copies of each chromosome |
C
|
After meiosis II, cells are 2n with 1 copies of each chromosome |
D
|
After meiosis II, cells are 1n with 2 copies of each chromosome |
|
|
|
Tags:
Mitosis and Meiosis | |
|
| 45 |
Go |
Q:
|
Meiosis I is about to start in a cell of a plant in which 2n = 4. At this stage, the cell has: |
|
A
|
2 chromosomes and a total of 4 chromatids |
B
|
4 chromosomes and a total of 4 chromatids |
C
|
4 chromosomes and a total of 8 chromatids |
D
|
8 chromosomes and a total of 8 chromatids |
|
|
|
Tags:
Mitosis and Meiosis | |
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| 46 |
Go |
Q:
|
Which of the following statements regarding tumor-promoting mutations is FALSE? |
|
A
|
Oncogenic mutations are dominant, gain-of-function mutations |
B
|
Tumor-suppressor genes normally promote cell death (apoptosis) |
C
|
Proto-oncogenes promote DNA repair |
D
|
Proto-oncogenes can become oncogenes if their expression is greatly increased |
|
|
|
Tags:
Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes | Mitosis and Meiosis | |
|
| 47 |
Go |
Q:
|
Which of the following is TRUE regarding meiosis? |
|
A
|
Segregation of alleles and independent assortment of different gene pairs occur ONLY during the first meiotic division
|
B
|
Non-disjunction of chromosomes can occur in both meiotic divisions
|
C
|
Non-disjunction of chromosomes can occur in the first but not in the second meiotic division
|
D
|
The genetic exchange between homologous chromosomes can occur in the first or second meiotic division
|
|
|
|
Tags:
Mitosis and Meiosis | |
|
| 48 |
Go |
Q:
|
Aneuploidy is the presence of an abnormal number of chromosomes in a cell. Monosomy is a "subtractive" form of aneuploidy due to the presence of only one chromosome from a pair while trisomy is an "additive" form where there are three instances of a particular chromosome, instead of the normal two. A strawberry plant is normally diploid, but a monosomic strawberry plant was observed with 13 chromosomes in its cells. Which of the following is NOT a correct possibility regarding the chromosomal material of a strawberry plant? |
|
A
|
A trisomic strawberry plant would have 21 chromosomes in its cells
|
B
|
A trisomic strawberry plant would have 15 chromosomes in its cells
|
C
|
Tripling the chromosomal number found in the normal diploid state would result in a strawberry plant with 21 chromosomes in its cells
|
D
|
During meiosis, the chromosomal number is halved during the first meiotic division, yielding 7 chromosomes
|
|
|
|
Tags:
Mitosis and Meiosis | |
|
| 49 |
Go |
Q:
|
Given a diploid organism with 2n = 8 chromosomes, which of the following is a TRUE statement regarding a cell going through meiosis or mitosis? |
|
A
|
At the end of the first meiotic division, the two daughter cells will have four chromosomes each.
|
B
|
At the end of the first meiotic division, the two daughter cells will have two chromosomes each
|
C
|
During the G2 phase (after replication) preceding mitosis, 8 chromosomes are present, whereas in the G2 phase preceding either meiotic division, 16 chromosomes are present
|
D
|
During the G2 phase (after replication) preceding mitosis, 8 chromosomes are present, whereas in the G2 phase preceding either meiotic division, 8 chromosomes are present
|
|
|
|
Tags:
Mitosis and Meiosis | |
|
| 50 |
Go |
Q:
|
Which of the following does NOT take place during eukaryotic meiosis? |
|
A
|
The chromosomal number is halved during the first meiotic division
|
B
|
Segregation of members of homologous pairs of chromosomes and independent assortment of chromosomes can occur in Meiosis I and II
|
C
|
Crossing over between homologous chromosomes occurs during the first phase of the first meiotic division
|
D
|
Non-disjunction of chromosomes may occur in the first or second meiotic division
|
|
|
|
Tags:
Mitosis and Meiosis | |
|
| 51 |
Go |
Q:
|
Which of the following is TRUE regarding recombination? |
|
A
|
Recombination occurs in Prophase I of Meiosis I and involves the separation of sister chromatids
|
B
|
Recombination occurs in Prophase I of Meiosis I and involves the exchange of genetic material between nonsister chromatids
|
C
|
Recombination occurs in Prophase of mitosis, Prophase I of Meiosis I, and Prophase II of Meiosis II, and involves the exchange of genetic material between nonsister chromatids
|
D
|
Recombination occurs in Anaphase I of Meiosis I and involves the separation of homologous chromosomes
|
|
|
|
Tags:
Mitosis and Meiosis | |
|
| 53 |
Go |
Q:
|
Telophase that does not end with cytokinesis results in which of the following? |
|
A
|
nondisjunction |
B
|
meiosis |
C
|
undivided nucleus |
D
|
multinucleated cell |
|
|
|
Tags:
Mitosis and Meiosis | |
|
| 54 |
Go |
Q:
|
A mammalian sex cell is studied under a microscope and it is noted that there are paired homologous chromosomes each containing two chromatids. Which of the following phases of meiosis is possible for the cell to be in? |
|
A
|
Prophase I |
B
|
Telophase I |
C
|
Metaphase II |
D
|
Anaphase II |
|
|
|
Tags:
Mitosis and Meiosis | |
|
| 55 |
Go |
Q:
|
During which of the following phases does the cell replicate its DNA? |
|
|
|
|
Tags:
Mitosis and Meiosis | |
|
| 56 |
Go |
Q:
|
In spermatogenesis, after meiosis I the spermatocytes have: |
|
A
|
46 chromosomes and are haploid. |
B
|
46 chromosomes and are diploid. |
C
|
23 chromosomes and are haploid. |
D
|
23 chromosomes and are diploid. |
|
|
|
Tags:
Mitosis and Meiosis | |
|
| 57 |
Go |
Q:
|
How many diploid gametes are present after cells undergo meiosis II? |
|
|
|
|
Tags:
Mitosis and Meiosis | |
|
| 58 |
Go |
Q:
|
The stage of mitosis during which the chromosomes are most condensed is called: |
|
A
|
interphase. |
B
|
prophase. |
C
|
metaphase. |
D
|
anaphase. |
|
|
|
Tags:
Mitosis and Meiosis | |
|
| 59 |
Go |
Q:
|
Which of the following cell cycle descriptions correctly reflects anaphase? |
|
A
|
DNA replication begins |
B
|
chromosomes line up along the equatorial plane |
C
|
chromatin condenses into chromosomes |
D
|
sister chromatids move to opposite ends of the cell |
|
|
|
Tags:
Mitosis and Meiosis | |
|
| 60 |
Go |
Q:
|
Which of the following events typically takes place during the S-phase of the cell life cycle? |
|
A
|
DNA replication |
B
|
Ceasing of cell division and replication |
C
|
Marked growth of the cell |
D
|
Division of the cell into two daughter cells |
|
|
|
Tags:
Mitosis and Meiosis | |
|
| 61 |
Go |
Q:
|
Capecitabine is a chemotherapeutic agent used in treatment of cancer. Its mechanism of action is such that it inhibits the active form of thymidine preventing DNA synthesis. Which aspect of the cell cycle does this drug interrupt? |
|
A
|
G1 phase |
B
|
G2 phase |
C
|
S phase |
D
|
M phase |
|
|
|
Tags:
Mitosis and Meiosis | |
|
| 62 |
Go |
Q:
|
The output of a single cycle of mitosis is: |
|
A
|
2 haploid cells. |
B
|
2 diploid cells. |
C
|
4 haploid cells. |
D
|
4 diploid cells. |
|
|
|
Tags:
Mitosis and Meiosis | |
|
| 63 |
Go |
Q:
|
Nondisjuction in cellular division may result in; |
|
A
|
double the total number of chromosomes in each cell. |
B
|
Absence of a nucleus in one of the daughter cells. |
C
|
Increased mutation rate in the daughter cells. |
D
|
asymmetric chromosomal distribution in daughter cells. |
|
|
|
Tags:
Mitosis and Meiosis | |
|
|
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