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| 2 |
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Q:
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Semidiscontinuous synthesis of one daughter strand in conjunction with continuous synthesis of the other daughter strand arises due to: |
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A
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the pairing tendencies of purines and pyrimidines. |
B
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covalent bonding in the DNA backbone. |
C
|
the antiparallel orientation of the parent DNA strands. |
D
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the necessity of a poly-A tail at the end of strand synthesis. |
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Tags:
DNA Replication and Repair | |
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| 3 |
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Q:
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A biologist has isolated the mRNA used for the translation of a particular protein. He wants to transform the gene for the protein into another organism, for which he needs DNA strands. Which of the following enzymes is most adequately suited to this task? |
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A
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reverse transcriptase |
B
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DNA polymerase |
C
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topoisomerase |
D
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transcriptomerase |
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Tags:
DNA Replication and Repair | Genetic Code, Transcription, Translation | |
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| 4 |
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Q:
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Daughter strand DNA synthesis is done mostly by: |
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A
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phosphodiesterase |
B
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helicase |
C
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amylase |
D
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polymerase |
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Tags:
DNA Replication and Repair | |
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| 5 |
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Q:
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Radiation can affect cells in many different ways. Which of the following is the most likely consequence of a cell being irradiated with gamma radiation? |
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A
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DNA structure is altered |
B
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Protein primary structure is altered |
C
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Lipid is altered |
D
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Water forms hydroxyl radical |
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Tags:
DNA Replication and Repair | Nuclear Chemistry | |
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| 6 |
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Q:
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A cell has a mutation in its DNA polymerase. researchers tag the DNA polymerase with GFP (Green Fluorescent Protein) in order to observe its behavior in the nucleus. Which of the following phases would be optimal for viewing the mutated activity of the DNA polymerase? |
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Tags:
DNA Replication and Repair | Mitosis and Meiosis | |
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| 10 |
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Q:
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In ddNTP DNA sequencing, dideoxynucleotides are used to terminate the replication of DNA strands which can then be analyzed for their length on gel electrophoresis. The ddNTPs are missing both their 2' and 3' hydroxyl groups. Which of the following reasons best explains why ddNTPs terminate the DNA replication? |
|
A
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Nucleotides must have a 3' hydroxyl group for extension of the fragment to occur. |
B
|
Nucleotides must have a 2' hydroxyl group for extension of the fragment to occur. |
C
|
The loss of two hydroxyl groups makes the terminal end of the DNA nonpolar and thus unable to continue extending. |
D
|
ddNTPs are always used by cells for termination of their DNA replication strands. |
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Tags:
Nucleic Acid Structure and Function | DNA Replication and Repair | |
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| 12 |
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Q:
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Two different restriction enzymes cut at specific sequence sites on DNA fragments. The cut DNA fragments are then placed with DNA ligase to ligate compatible fragments. Which of four fragments will ligate with the following fragment:
-C
-GTTACA
Note: The dashes indicate continuing sequence. |
|
A
|
-CTGTAA
-G
|
B
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-AATGT
-T
|
C
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-TGTAA
-A
|
D
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-CAATGT
-G
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Tags:
DNA Replication and Repair | Recombinant DNA and Biotechnology | |
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| 13 |
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Q:
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Enzymatic DNA sequencing reactions are prepared primarily by adding DNA Polymerase, deoxynucleotide phosphates (dNTPs), double-deoxynucleotide phosphates (ddNTPs), and a DNA template. A ddNTP serves to terminate the polymerization reaction once it is added to the growing chain. Since this occurs randomly, various fragment lengths are generated which are then observed using PCR. What is the most likely mechanism by which ddNTPs terminate the polymerization reaction? |
|
A
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ddNTPs lack a 5' OH in addition to a 2' OH. Thus, ddNTPs cannot be added to the growing DNA molecule, and polymerization terminates. |
B
|
ddNTPs lack a 5' OH in addition to a 2' OH. Thus, they can only be added to the growing end of the DNA molecule via their 3' OH, and polymerization terminates because DNA synthesis can only occur 5' to 3'. |
C
|
ddNTPs lack a 3' OH in addition to a 2' OH. Thus, once they are added to the growing end of the DNA molecule, there is no OH on which to add new nucleotides and polymerization terminates. |
D
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ddNTPs lack a 3' OH in addition to a 2' OH. Thus, once they are added to the growing end of the DNA molecule, only ddNTPs can continue to be added. The reaction terminates due to the lack of further ddNTPs present in the reaction mixture. |
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Tags:
DNA Replication and Repair | Recombinant DNA and Biotechnology | |
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| 14 |
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Q:
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Which of the following is TRUE of the lagging strand in DNA replication? |
|
A
|
It uses a single primer |
B
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It requires a special polymerase enzyme different from the leading strand |
C
|
It is synthesized in the 5' to 3' direction |
D
|
It is synthesized as a single, continuous fragment |
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Tags:
DNA Replication and Repair | |
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| 15 |
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Q:
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A drug is found to target DNA Polymerase III. Which of the following cell types would be unaffected by this drug? |
|
A
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red blood cells |
B
|
skin epithelial cells |
C
|
gut epithelial cells |
D
|
spermatogonia |
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|
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Tags:
DNA Replication and Repair | Circulatory System | |
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| 16 |
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Q:
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A piece nucleic acid is composed of 19 Thymines, 24 Guanines, 22 Cytosines, and 10 Adenines. This stretch of nucleic acid is most likely: |
|
A
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Double Stranded DNA |
B
|
Double Stranded RNA |
C
|
Single Stranded DNA |
D
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Single Stranded RNA |
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Tags:
DNA Replication and Repair | |
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| 17 |
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Q:
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A piece of DNA is labeled so that all of the bases fluoresce red. A student adds a polymerase which uses only blue labeled bases, and allows the DNA to replicate twice. After the completion of both cycles, the student adds another polymerase which only uses green bases, and allows the DNA to replicate once more. What are the colors of the newly replicated DNA strands? |
|
A
|
2 red/green, 2 all blue, 4 green/blue |
B
|
2 red/green, 6 green/blue |
C
|
2 red/blue, 2 all green, 2 all blue, 2 green/blue |
D
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2 red/blue, 4 all blue, 2 green/blue |
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Tags:
DNA Replication and Repair | |
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| 18 |
Go |
Q:
|
Rotifers are a classification of small animals that exhibit eutely, in which all adults possess a fixed, identical number of somatic cells which cease to divide upon adulthood. Which of the following would be expected of eutelic organisms? |
|
A
|
The organisms do not reproduce past reaching adulthood. |
B
|
The organisms have no need for nucleic acids past adulthood. |
C
|
The organisms are less susceptible to cancer. |
D
|
Barring death from external causes like predation, the organisms are essentially immortal. |
|
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Tags:
DNA Replication and Repair | |
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| 19 |
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Q:
|
Which of the following accurately describes a nucleosome? |
|
A
|
a DNA segment wound around histones |
B
|
a DNA segment in the nucleus |
C
|
a string of histones associated with their respective DNA components |
D
|
A DNA segment outside of the nucleus |
|
|
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Tags:
DNA Replication and Repair | |
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| 20 |
Go |
Q:
|
Which of the following is INCORRECT regarding DNA replication? |
|
A
|
Prokaryotic replication proceeds in two directions |
B
|
DNA replication is influenced by condensed chromatin in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes |
C
|
Eukaryotic replication uses multiple starting points for replication |
D
|
A nucleophilic attack is required in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes in order to elongate the DNA chain |
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Tags:
DNA Replication and Repair | |
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| 21 |
Go |
Q:
|
Which of the following is true regarding using dideoxynucleotides (ddNTPs) for DNA sequencing?
|
|
A
|
Restriction enzymes cut the target DNA into fragments, which are then separated and visualized with electrophoresis
|
B
|
The template strand is tagged with a radioactive isotope
|
C
|
ddATPs, ddCTPs, ddGTPs, and ddTTPs must be utilized in a separate environment from the dATPs, dCTPs, dGTPs, and dTTPs
|
D
|
A ddTTP can randomly and occasionally terminate the synthesis of DNA where an adenine occurs in the template strands
|
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Tags:
Recombinant DNA and Biotechnology | Nucleic Acid Structure and Function | DNA Replication and Repair | |
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| 22 |
Go |
Q:
|
Which of the following is FALSE regarding DNA replication? |
|
A
|
DNA replication requires an RNA primer.
|
B
|
Nucleotide triphosphates are added to the 3' end.
|
C
|
Bacteria require telomerase to complete their DNA strand synthesis.
|
D
|
Helicase is required prior to DNA synthesis.
|
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|
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Tags:
Enzyme Structure and Function | DNA Replication and Repair | |
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| 23 |
Go |
Q:
|
Which of the following is true regarding stop codons? |
|
A
|
Stop codons contain at least two of the same bases found in the start codon.
|
B
|
Stop codons can contain thymine in the messenger RNA.
|
C
|
The amino acid attached to a tRNA that recognizes a stop codon is nonpolar, and this contributes to the translation process ending.
|
D
|
The introduction of a premature stop codon can be due to both nonsense and missense mutations.
|
|
|
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Tags:
Genetic Code, Transcription, Translation | DNA Replication and Repair | |
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| 25 |
Go |
Q:
|
Which of the following cell defects would NOT be expected to result in possible malignant (cancerous) cells? |
|
A
|
A blockade in the apoptosis pathway. |
B
|
A decreased efficacy of DNA polymerase fixing errors of replication. |
C
|
A mutation preventing DNA replication. |
D
|
The inactivation of several tumor suppressor genes. |
|
|
|
Tags:
DNA Replication and Repair | |
|
| 26 |
Go |
Q:
|
In DNA, adjacent nucleotides are held together by: |
|
A
|
hydrogen bonds. |
B
|
phosphodiester bonds. |
C
|
ribose-ribose bonds. |
D
|
ionic forces. |
|
|
|
Tags:
DNA Replication and Repair | |
|
| 28 |
Go |
Q:
|
Transposons refer to: |
|
A
|
mRNA degradation processes within the cell. |
B
|
chromosomal rearrangements to prevent mutations. |
C
|
a set of enzymes for catalyzing DNA repair and replication. |
D
|
DNA elements capable of changing position within a gene. |
|
|
|
Tags:
DNA Replication and Repair | |
|
| 29 |
Go |
Q:
|
DNA replication in eukaryotes is semiconservative. This implies that: |
|
A
|
replication takes place at a modestly slow rate to prevent error. |
B
|
replication enzymes act on only one of the DNA strands. |
C
|
DNA polymerases can only synthesize DNA in a 5' --> 3' direction. |
D
|
parental strands of DNA are maintained in daughter strands. |
|
|
|
Tags:
DNA Replication and Repair | |
|
| 30 |
Go |
Q:
|
Which of the following holds true regarding nonsense mutations? |
|
A
|
may result in additional amino acids added to the protein's amino acid sequence |
B
|
never results in a functional protein |
C
|
almost always results in a functional protein |
D
|
they result in a stop codon |
|
|
|
Tags:
DNA Replication and Repair | |
|
| 31 |
Go |
Q:
|
If one were to start with a single DNA fragment, how many fragments would be present after 10 cycles of PCR? |
|
|
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Tags:
DNA Replication and Repair | |
|
|
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