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| 2 |
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Q:
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Silicosis is a condition caused by the inhalation of silica dust and the formation of hard, silicotic nodules in the lungs that inhibit oxygen transfer. One symptom of silicosis is hypoxia. Which of the following is likely a characteristic sign of hypoxia? |
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A
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Silicotic nodules seen on an X-ray of the lungs |
B
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Abdominal cramps |
C
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Blueness of lips and skin |
D
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Rapid hair loss |
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Tags:
Respiratory System | |
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| 3 |
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Q:
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Pulmonary surfactant lines the surface of the alveoli to decrease the surface tension of the its fluid lining. A deficiency in pulmonary surfactant would most likely have which of the following effects? |
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A
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Decrease stress on the diaphragm. |
B
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Increase systemic blood pressure. |
C
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Increase oxygenation in the lungs. |
D
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Restrict air flow into the alveoli. |
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Tags:
Respiratory System | |
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| 4 |
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Q:
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A patient with decreased production of surfactant in the alveoli would most likely exhibit which of the following symptoms? |
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A
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Difficulty breathing due to increased tension in the lungs. |
B
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Increased air flow to the lungs. |
C
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Atrophy of the diaphragm. |
D
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Increased systemic blood pressure. |
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Tags:
Respiratory System | |
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| 5 |
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Q:
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Compared to human lungs with more numerous, smaller alveoli (where gas exchange occurs), which of the following best describes the size/volume relationship of human lungs with fewer, larger alveoli? Assume both sets of lungs are the same size, and thus the only difference being more numerous, smaller alveoli in the first set of lungs compared to fewer, larger alveoli in the second set of lungs. |
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A
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The surface to volume ratio is much greater for the second pair of lungs compared to the first, leading to less efficient gas exchange in the second lungs |
B
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The surface to volume ratio is much greater for the second pair of lungs compared to the first, leading to more efficient gas exchange in the second lungs |
C
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The surface to volume ratio is much greater for the first pair of lungs compared to the second, leading to a less efficient gas exchange in the first lungs |
D
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The surface to volume ratio is much greater for the first pair of lungs compared to the second, leading to a more efficient gas exchange in the first lungs |
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Tags:
Respiratory System | |
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| 6 |
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Q:
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The main function of the respiratory system is to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide. In humans, which of the following best describes how nearly all of the oxygen is carried in the blood? |
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A
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As gaseous O2
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B
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As erythroglobin
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C
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As hemoglobin
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D
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As bicarbonate
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Tags:
Respiratory System | |
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| 7 |
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Q:
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Which of the following correctly describes the state of the thoracic cavity and the air pressure in the lungs upon contraction of the intercostal muscles and diaphragm? |
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A
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The thoracic cavity expands and the air pressure in the lung increases
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B
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The thoracic cavity expands and the air pressure in the lung decreases
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C
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The thoracic cavity contracts and the air pressure in the lung increases
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D
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The thoracic cavity contracts and the air pressure in the lung decreases
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Tags:
Respiratory System | |
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| 8 |
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Q:
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The main function of the respiratory system is to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide. In humans, which of the following best describes how nearly all of the oxygen is carried in the blood? |
|
A
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As gaseous O2
|
B
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As erythroglobin
|
C
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As hemoglobin
|
D
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As bicarbonate
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Tags:
Respiratory System | Gases | |
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| 9 |
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Q:
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Which of the following brain stem areas is most important in controlling breathing? |
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A
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Hippocampus |
B
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Limbic system
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C
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Cerebellum |
D
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Medulla |
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Tags:
Nervous System | Respiratory System | |
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| 10 |
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Q:
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Which of the following would decrease the effects of respiratory acidosis? |
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A
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Decrease in breathing rate. |
B
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Decrease in bicarbonate retention. |
C
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Increase in the transport of H+ through the nephron. |
D
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Increase in liver excretion of urea. |
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Tags:
Renal System | Respiratory System | |
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| 11 |
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Q:
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Pulmonary veins are responsible for: |
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A
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carrying oxygenated blood to the left atrium. |
B
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carrying deoxygenated blood to the left atrium. |
C
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carrying oxygenated blood to the right atrium. |
D
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carrying deoxygenated blood to the right atrium. |
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Tags:
Respiratory System | |
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| 12 |
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Q:
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Hemoglobin exhibits a phenomenon called cooperativity, which means: |
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A
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the hemoglobin molecule can bind multiple types of molecules, not just oxygen. |
B
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the four subunits of hemoglobin are able to bind together without need for any enzymatic catalysis. |
C
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the molecule can interact with other hemoglobin molecules to improve oxygen saturation. |
D
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each additional molecule of oxygen binding to hemoglobin makes subsequent binding of oxygen molecules easier. |
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Tags:
Respiratory System | |
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| 13 |
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Q:
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As carbon dioxide builds up in the body, which of the following changes would be expected with respect to the lungs? |
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A
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increased respiratory rate |
B
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increased total lung volume |
C
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decreased ventilation |
D
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increased hypoxia |
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Tags:
Respiratory System | |
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| 14 |
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Q:
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Vocal cords are contained within the: |
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A
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pharynx. |
B
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nasopharynx. |
C
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larynx. |
D
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epiglottis. |
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Tags:
Respiratory System | |
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| 15 |
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Q:
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Alveolar surfactant primarily serves to: |
|
A
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increase the functional surface area of the lungs. |
B
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moisten and increase temperature of incoming air. |
C
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actively prevent pathogens from entering the bloodstream. |
D
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increase compliance of the lungs. |
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Tags:
Respiratory System | |
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| 16 |
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Q:
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Which of the following occurs during expiration? |
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A
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increase of air pressure in the lung relative to the environment |
B
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contraction of the diaphragm |
C
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contraction of external intercostal muscles |
D
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increase in volume of the thoracic cavity |
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Tags:
Respiratory System | |
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| 17 |
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Q:
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Which of the following is true regarding pulmonary surfactant? |
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A
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it increases the surface tension of the lungs |
B
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too much surfactant contributes to collapse of the lungs |
C
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it is primarily composed of glycoproteins |
D
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it increases the compliance of the lungs with expansion |
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Tags:
Respiratory System | |
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| 18 |
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Q:
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Blood carbon dioxide levels are generally proportional to: |
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A
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lung volume. |
B
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lung capacity. |
C
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respiratory rate. |
D
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oxygen concentration. |
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Tags:
Respiratory System | |
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| 19 |
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Q:
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The Bohr effect provides explanation for: |
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A
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increased hemoglobin affinity for oxygen at higher temperatures. |
B
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increased respiratory rate in response to low oxygen states. |
C
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increased oxygen delivery to exercising muscle. |
D
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increased affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen the more oxygen molecules that bind to hemoglobin. |
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Tags:
Protein Structure and Function | Respiratory System | |
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| 20 |
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Q:
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Contraction of the diaphragm results in: |
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A
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oxygen release from the lungs. |
B
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increase in lung volume. |
C
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increase in intra-lung pressure. |
D
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no change in air movement within the lungs. |
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Tags:
Respiratory System | |
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| 21 |
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Q:
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A pulmonary embolism is a medical condition where a blood clot, typically from veins in the legs, may form, become dislodged, and ultimately make its way and get stuck in pulmonary vasculature directly after passing through the heart, which results in pulmonary issues and sometimes death. In which of the following structures would such a clot be expected to be found? |
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A
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pulmonary vein |
B
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pulmonary artery |
C
|
left atrium |
D
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aortic outflow |
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Tags:
Respiratory System | Circulatory System | |
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